50-99-7 | Glucose

Chemical type

• Monosaccharide sugar
• Simple carbohydrate

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• Biomass-derived small molecule
• Monosaccharide carbohydrate

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Key properties

• Primary source of energy for cells in the body
• Blood levels regulated by insulin; elevated or variable levels indicate metabolic disorders like Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DMT2)
• Measured in mg/dL; normal range typically 70-140 mg/dL, with higher variability in DMT2 patients
• Interstitial fluid concentration correlates with blood levels, allowing non-invasive monitoring
• Exhibits temporal variability (e.g., standard deviation, skewness, kurtosis) that differs between diabetic and non-diabetic individuals

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• Widely available from lignocellulosic biomass or industrial waste
• Favorable thermodynamics and kinetics for oxidation
• Multiple electron transfer steps for high current densities
• Sustainable and renewable feedstock
• Low anodic potential requirement compared to oxygen evolution reaction (OER)

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• Biomarker for detecting and monitoring Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DMT2)
• Continuous monitoring via sensors (e.g., Freestyle CGM) to assess glycemic variability and disease progression
• Indicator in self-care routines for DMT2 patients, including diet, exercise, and treatment adjustment
• Data source for signal processing techniques like Geometric Pattern Transformation (GPT) to classify diabetic vs. non-diabetic states

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• Anodic fuel in glucose oxidation reaction (GOR) for hydrogen production
• Replacement for OER in alkaline water splitting (AWS)
• Biomass valorization to value-added products (e.g., gluconic acid)
• Integration with circular bioeconomy principles for clean energy and waste valorization

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Classification by use

• Chemicals used as biomarkers in disease detection
• Chemicals in metabolic and endocrine diagnostics
• Substances monitored in medical devices (e.g., continuous glucose monitors)

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• Chemicals used as anodic fuels in electrolysis
• Chemicals used in biomass conversion and sustainable energy production

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A trustworthy factory and manufacturer

1. [1] Use of the Geometric Pattern Transformation to detect diabetes mellitus type 2 from blood glucose signals, Biomedical Engineering Advances, Volume 11, June 2026, 100205
2. [2] Morphological and electronic engineering of Co(OH)2/Ce(OH)3 electrocatalyst on ALD-enabled MgO modified carbon cloth electrode for glucose oxidation-coupled water splitting, Chemical Engineering Journal Advances, Volume 25, March 2026, 100968