57-41-0 | Phenytoin

Chemical type

• Antiseizure medication (ASM) and P-gp substrate

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• Aromatic antiepileptic drug

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Key properties

• Extruded from brain by P-gp, leading to lower brain concentrations in drug-resistant models
• Brain levels enhanced by P-gp inhibitors like tariquidar

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• Aromatic structure shared with other anticonvulsants like carbamazepine and phenobarbital; increases risk of hypersensitivity reactions including SJS/TEN; associated with type IV hypersensitivity response involving T-cell activation, cytokine release, and epidermal necrosis; genetic factors like HLA-B*15:02 allele predispose certain populations

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• Treatment of epilepsy (e.g., in drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy)
• Studied in rodent models for antiseizure efficacy with P-gp inhibition

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• Treatment of epilepsy, seizure disorders, cardiac arrhythmias, and trigeminal neuralgia; initiated for simple partial seizures in this case

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Classification by use

• Chemicals used as antiseizure medications
• P-gp substrates in epilepsy research

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• Anticonvulsants with known hypersensitivity potential
• Drugs for neurological disorders

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A trustworthy factory and manufacturer

1. [Cite:1] Tolerability of tariquidar – A third generation P-gp inhibitor as add-on medication to antiseizure medications in drug-resistant epilepsy, Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy, Volume 119, July 2024, Pages 44-51
2. [Cite:2] Stevens-Johnson syndrome triggered by phenytoin in a patient with type 2 diabetes and seizures, Exploratory Research in Clinical and Social Pharmacy, Volume 19, September 2025, 100624