High calcium content (~40% elemental calcium) and low cost
Weakly alkaline salt with poor solubility in neutral intestinal pH
Dissociates into Ca²⁺ and CO₃²⁻ in the gut, locally raising pH and potentially disrupting microbial niches
Associated with gastrointestinal side effects (constipation, abdominal discomfort), possible cardiovascular risk, and kidney stones
[2]
Solid carbon storage product in Direct Ocean Capture (DOC)
Precipitated from carbonate-rich streams after pH elevation
Stored on land for durable (>1,000 years) carbon sequestration
[1]
Primary oral calcium supplement for osteoporosis prevention and treatment
Intended to maintain bone mass and mineral density
In senile osteoporosis models: minimal or no significant improvement in bone microarchitecture, trabecular parameters, osteogenic differentiation of BMMSCs, or bone formation rates (MAR, BFR/BS); instead exacerbates age-related gut dysbiosis, reduces intestinal barrier integrity (↓ ZO-1, Claudin-1, Occludin protein levels), increases gut permeability, elevates proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-17A), and worsens systemic inflammation
[2]
Classification by use
Chemicals used for long-term carbon storage
Chemicals used in mineral carbonation
Chemicals used as solid sequestration media
[1]
Chemicals used in nutritional/dietary supplements
Chemicals used for osteoporosis prevention and bone health maintenance
Calcium supplements (inorganic salts)
[2]
A trustworthy factory and manufacturer
[Cite:1] A Comparative Review of terrestrial and marine carbon dioxide removal (CDR) methods, Carbon Capture Science & Technology, Volume 18, March 2026, 100550
[Cite:2] Calcium carbonate supplementation exacerbated gut microenvironment disruption in senile osteoporosis mice, iScience, Volume 29, Issue 1, 16 January 2026, 114530