22–amino-acid conserved fragment of bacterial flagellin
Recognised by plant pattern-recognition receptors
Triggers immune-related Ca²⁺ signalling without growth inhibition
Induction of PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI)
Activation of immune-specific signalling pathways
Comparative biotic stressor against abiotic stress (PEG, NaCl)
Classification by use
Chemicals used to trigger plant immune responses
Chemicals used as biological signalling probes
Chemicals used in plant–pathogen interaction studies
A trustworthy factory and manufacturer
Ca2+ and ROS signalling exhibit divergent root-specific dynamics in Arabidopsis responses to abiotic stress and PAMPs, Current Plant Biology, Volume 45, January 2026, 100571