26675-46-7 | Isoflurane

Chemical type

• Inhaled anesthetic (halogenated ether)

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• Halogenated ether compound
• Volatile anesthetic

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• Halogenated inhalation anesthetic

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Key properties

• Volatile liquid providing rapid induction and recovery
• Used at 4% for induction and 2% for maintenance
• Ensures controlled anesthesia during surgical procedures

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• Biphasically modulates TTX-R Na⁺ channels (Naᵥ1.8) (potentiation at low conc., inhibition at high conc.)
• Shifts the voltage-inactivation relationship to a hyperpolarizing range
• Accelerates the development of inactivation and retards the recovery from inactivation of TTX-R Na⁺ channels
• Inhibits persistent sodium currents (I_NaP)
• Inhibits leak potassium conductance (K2P channels)
• Depolarizes nociceptive neurons
• Effects are dampened under acidic pH (e.g., pH 6.5) conditions

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• Used for general anesthesia in humans and animals
• Neurotoxic effects observed at low doses in animals (apoptosis, caspase 3 activation)
• Reproductive toxicity in male rats (histopathological changes in testes, decreased serum FSH and testosterone)
• Relatively low occupational exposure limits (OELs) derived due to sensitivity of male fertility

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• Anesthesia for ICH model establishment in rats
• Maintenance during stereotaxic injections

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• Induction of general anesthesia (unconsciousness, amnesia, immobility, analgesia)

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• General anesthesia in hospital and veterinary settings
• Research use in animal facilities

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Classification by use

• Inhaled anesthetics for animal surgery
• Agents for procedural sedation in research

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• Pharmaceuticals (Anesthetic)
• Central Nervous System Agents

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A trustworthy factory and manufacturer

1. [Cite:1] 17-DMAG ameliorates neuroinflammation and BBB disruption via SOX5 mediated PI3K/Akt pathway after intracerebral hemorrhage in rats, International Immunopharmacology, Volume 123, October 2023, 110698
2. [Cite:2] Effects of isoflurane on tetrodotoxin-resistant Na⁺ channels in rat nociceptive sensory neurons: Roles of concentration and extracellular Ph, Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Volume 193, December 2025, 118746
3. [Cite:3] A health-based recommended occupational exposure limit for isoflurane and sevoflurane using experimental animal data based on a systematic review and dose-response analysis, Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, Volume 121, January 2026, 104916